Southern Mesopotamia

Polities -
- 9000-5501BCESouthern Mesopotamia Neolithic
- 5500-4001BCEUbaid
- 4000-3001BCEUruk
- 3000-2351BCEEarly Dynastic
- 2350-2150BCEAkkadian Empire
- 2112-2004BCEUr- Dynasty III
- 2003-1895BCEIsin-Larsa
- 1894-1596BCEAmorite Babylonia
- 1595-1154BCEKassite Babylonia
- 1153-1027BCESecond Dynasty of Isin
- 1005-980BCEBazi Dynasty
- 979-732BCEDynasty of E
- 729-627BCENeo-Assyrian Empire
- 626-538BCENeo-Babylonian Empire
- 538-331BCEAchaemenid Empire
- 312-144BCESeleucid Empire
- 143BCE - 40CEParthian Empire I
- 41-219CEParthian Empire II
- 220-498CESassanid Empire I
- 499-635CESassanid Empire II
- 947-1055CEBuyid Confederation
- 1056-1190CESeljuk Empire
- 1191-1207CEAbbasid Caliphate II
- 1263-1335CEIl-khanate
- 1394-1470CETimurid Empire
- 1471-1533CESafavid Empire