Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

830 Polities

Bronze Age Cambodia (in: Mainland) 1200 BCE 501 BCE

Imamate of Oman and Muscat (in: Arabia) 1749 CE 1895 CE

Elam I (in: Iran) 900 BCE 744 BCE

Xianbei Confederation (in: Mongolia) 100 CE 250 CE

Titicaca Basin - Early Pacajes phase (in: Andes) 1150 CE 1450 CE

Kingdom of Gumma (in: East Africa) 1800 CE 1897 CE

Danelaw (in: Western Europe) 878 CE 954 CE

Hmong - Late Qing (in: South China) 1701 CE 1895 CE

and 822 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8829

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 525 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20458

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 506 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17527

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 373 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Present: 700 BCE 501 BCE in Oaxaca - Rosario

was Present: 1350 CE 1580 CE in Hawaii II

was Absent: 1516 CE 1700 CE in Spanish Empire I

was Absent: 1581 CE 1689 CE in Late Mongols

was Absent: 499 CE 642 CE in Sasanid Empire II

was Absent: 150 BCE 299 CE in Cahokia - Middle Woodland

was Present: 3000 BCE 2901 BCE in Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age

was Absent: 270 CE 340 CE in Himyar I

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3093

transitions

976 CE 1025 CE in Byzantine Empire II: Basil II, Bulgaroctonus Constantine VIII OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1316 CE 1322 CE in French Kingdom - Late Capetian: Philip V, the Tall Charles IV, the Fair OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1555 CE 1556 CE in Mughal Empire: Humayun Akbar OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1451 CE 1489 CE in Delhi Sultanate: Bahol Lodi Sikandar Lodi OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1465 CE 1512 CE in Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì: Eze Nri Anyamata Eze Nri Fenenu

- in Cwezi Dynasty: Olimi II Ruhundwangenye Nyarwa I Omuzarra Kyaro OV PA IE MR PU SR EV

247 BCE 237 BCE in Anurādhapura I: Suratissa Sena and Guttika OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1662 CE 1682 CE in Nayaks of Madurai: Chokkanatha Nayak Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayak OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3085 more... coded for 241 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

1140 CE 1190 CE in Seljuk Sultanate: Decline of Seljuq Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

111 BCE 102 BCE in Western Han Empire: Series of Uprising, Revolts and Invasions: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

877 CE 888 CE in Carolingian Empire II: Fragmentation of Carlingian Rule: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

546 BCE 453 BCE in Jin: Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1748 CE 1803 CE in Mughal Empire: Fragmentation of the Mughal Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

331 BCE 275 BCE in Achaemenid Empire: Fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Wars of the Diadochi: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1516 CE 1517 CE in Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III: Fall of the Burji dynasty: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

639 CE 687 CE in Middle Merovingian: Division of Merovingian kingdom (after Clovis I): PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

April 1, 1894 riot (political) in Missouri (MO), Kansas City: 4 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

April 1, 1942 riot (race) in New Jersey (NJ), Burlingtion: 1 was killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

Sept. 1, 1963 terrorism (race) in Alabama (AL), Birmingham: 4 were killed. Source(s):

Dec. 1, 1985 terrorism (religion) in Washington (WA), Seattle: 4 were killed. Source(s): Wikipedia

Jan. 1, 2002 terrorism (political) in Florida (FL), Tampa: 1 was killed. Source(s): Wikipedia

April 3, 2010 terrorism () in California (CA), North Hollywood: 4 were killed. Source(s): TVPDB: The Violence Project database of mass shootings in the United States (Version 7)

April 1, 1886 riot (labor) in Illinois (IL), East St. Louis: 9 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Aug. 1, 1874 lynching (race) in Tennessee (TN), Trenton: 4 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

830

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods