Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

838 Polities

Kush Kingdom (in: Northeast Africa) 747 BCE 656 BCE

Volga Kingdom (in: Southeastern Europe) 965 CE 1236 CE

Mataram Sultanate (in: Archipelago) 1568 CE 1703 CE

Neo-Babylonian Empire (in: Mesopotamia) 626 BCE 539 BCE

Kashmiri Sultanate (in: North India) 1346 CE 1580 CE

Republic of the Philippines (in: Archipelago) 1946 CE 2020 CE

Bronze Age Cambodia (in: Mainland) 500 BCE 224 CE

Formative Period (in: Iran) 7200 BCE 7000 BCE

and 830 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8841

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 526 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20458

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 506 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17527

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 373 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Present: 1100 CE 1202 CE in Later Wagadu Empire

was Unknown: 1300 BCE 551 BCE in Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period

was Absent: 2650 BCE 2351 BCE in Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom

was Absent: 763 CE 907 CE in Tang Dynasty II

was Absent: 1000 CE 1249 CE in Cuzco - Late Intermediate I

was Present: 1263 CE 1326 CE in Ilkhanate

was Absent: 600 BCE 325 BCE in Mahajanapada era

was Present: 133 BCE 31 BCE in Late Roman Republic

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3198

transitions

44 CE 52 CE in Anurādhapura I: Chandamukha Siva Yassalalaka Tissa OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1565 CE 1605 CE in Kingdom of Jolof: Giraan Buuri Jelen Biram Penda Tabara

1675 CE 1700 CE in Karagwe: Ruhinda V Rusatira

579 BCE 534 BCE in Roman Kingdom: Servius Tullius Tarquinius Superbus OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

521 BCE 486 BCE in Achaemenid Empire: Darius I Xerxes I OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1481 CE in Bengal Sultanate: Sikandar None OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1817 CE 1818 CE in Imamate of Futa Toro: Mamadu Mamudu An Yusuf

361 CE 365 CE in Western Jin: Ai of Jin (Sima Pi, Jìn Aī Dì) Fei of Jin (Sima Yi, Jìn Fèi Dì) OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3190 more... coded for 246 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

755 CE 763 CE in Tang Dynasty I: An Lushan Rebellion: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1454 CE 1455 CE in Oirats: Death of Esen Taishi and internal unrest: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

523 CE 535 CE in Northern Wei: Rebellions and Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1171 CE 1206 CE in Early Mongols: Crisis in Mongolian Confederacy: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1917 CE 1923 CE in Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II: Russian Revolution and Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1568 CE 1609 CE in Spanish Empire I: Eighty Years' War and plague in Habsburg Spain: PD PC EP DM EX UP SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1351 CE 1368 CE in Great Yuan: Fall of the Yuan Dynasty: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

772 CE 778 CE in Medang Kingdom: Hindu-Buddhist Struggles: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

Jan. 1, 1896 lynching (race) in Texas (TX), Brazos: 3 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Oct. 1, 1942 lynching (race) in Mississippi (MS), Jones: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Aug. 1, 1931 lynching (race) in Florida (FL), Blountstown, Calhoun: 2 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

May 1, 1988 terrorism () in Illinois (IL), Winnetka: 2 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

May 1, 1878 riot (political) in North Carolina (NC), Weldon: 1 was killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

July 1, 1998 terrorism (political) in Washington (WA), Washington, D.C., District of Columbia: 2 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Nov. 1, 1973 assassination (political) in California (CA), Oakland: 1 was killed. Source(s): Wikipedia

Dec. 1, 1997 terrorism (work) in California (CA), Orange: 5 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

838

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods