Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

830 Polities

Republic of Venice III (in: Southern Europe) 1204 CE 1563 CE

Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico (in: Mexico) 100 BCE 99 CE

Yisrael (in: Levant) 1030 BCE 722 BCE

Republic of South Africa (in: Southern Africa) 1920 CE 2020 CE

New Palace Crete (in: Southeastern Europe) 1700 BCE 1450 BCE

Kingdom of Jimma (in: East Africa) 1790 CE 1932 CE

Cuzco - Late Formative (in: Andes) 500 BCE 200 CE

Kansai - Kofun Period (in: Northeast Asia) 250 CE 537 CE

and 822 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8829

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 525 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20458

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 506 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17527

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 373 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Absent: 763 CE 907 CE in Tang Dynasty II

was Present: 930 CE 1000 CE in Icelandic Commonwealth

was Absent: 1400 CE 1639 CE in Oneota

was Transitional (Present -> Absent): 202 BCE 9 CE in Western Han Empire

was Present: 1782 CE 1873 CE in Rattanakosin

was Absent: - in Macedonian Empire

was Present: 1775 CE 1885 CE in Chuuk - Early Truk

was Present: 1400 CE 1632 CE in Sakha - Early

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3093

transitions

195 BCE 187 BCE in Maurya Empire: Shatadhanvan Brihadrata OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

587 CE 592 CE in Asuka: Sushun Empress Suiko OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

939 CE 946 CE in Anglo-Saxon England I: Edmund I Edred OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

2001 CE 2005 CE in United States of America - Contemporary: George W. Bush George W. Bush OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1759 CE 1760 CE in Kingdom of Cayor: Birayma Yamb Isa Bige N'Gone OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1348 CE 1378 CE in Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period: Charles IV of Luxembourg Wenceslaus IV of Luxembourg OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

694 CE 711 CE in Proto-Carolingian: Childebert III Dagobert III OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

768 CE 790 CE in Late Classic Tikal: Yax Nuun Ayiin II ("Chitam") Nuun Ujol Kʼinich OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3085 more... coded for 241 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

551 CE in Rouran Khaganate: Overthrow of Rouran Khaganate by Turkic peoples: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

331 BCE 275 BCE in Achaemenid Empire: Fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Wars of the Diadochi: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

11 BCE 9 CE in Western Han Empire: Rebellions and Wang Mang usurpation: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1890 CE 1935 CE in Us Reconstruction-Progressive: Progressive Era: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

306 CE 324 CE in Roman Empire - Dominate: Civil Wars of Tetrarchy: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1866 CE 1868 CE in Tokugawa Shogunate: Meiji Restoration: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1810 CE 1821 CE in Spanish Empire II: Mexican War of Independence: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1910 CE 1920 CE in Early United Mexican States: Mexican Revolution: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

Sept. 1, 1899 riot (labor) in Pennsylvania (PA), Pittston: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Sept. 1, 1868 assassination (political) in South Carolina (SC), Abbeville: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

July 1, 1964 lynching (race) in Georgia (GA), Colbert: 1 was killed. Source(s): Wikipedia

Oct. 1, 1992 terrorism (political) in New York (NY), Watkins Glen: 5 were killed. Source(s): MJ: Mother Jones

Oct. 1, 1870 riot (political, race) in South Carolina (SC), Laurensville: 13 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States, Trelease

May 1, 1937 riot (labor) in Illinois (IL), Chicago: 10 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Jan. 1, 1893 assassination (political) in Illinois (IL): 1 was killed. Source(s):

July 1, 1868 lynching (race) in Tennessee (TN), Maury: 3 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

830

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods